GATE Life Science [XL]: In This Article We Will Discuss All Important Tools, Like Latest Syllabus, Exam Pattern, Level of Difficulty, Best Books, Previous Year Paper & Many More Information for GATE Life Science

Gate Life Science [Code – XL] is One of The Most Important & Popular Exams of GATE, there are 6 Subjects Out of 5 Optional Subjects Name are – Biochemistry, Botany, Microbiology, Zoology, and Food technology. Chemistry is a Compulsory Subject [XL-P] for all Subjects. You have to choose 2 optional Subjects for 60 Marks 20 Questions from Each Subject Asked in Each Subject. A total of 65 Questions Come into the Exam including 10 General Aptitude. We will Discuss All Details in This article.

Overview of Gate Life Science Paper [XL] Exam 2024-

Particulars	Details
Examination Mode Gate Life Science	Computer Based Test (Online)
Duration Gate Life Science	3 Hours
Number of Subjects Gate Life Science	4 Papers [ 2 optional + Chemistry Compulsory + General Aptitute]
Section Gate Life Science	General Aptitude (GA) ,Chemistry & Candidate Selected Subject [Optional]
Type of Questions Gate Life Science	Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)Multiple Select Questions (MCQs)Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions
Design of Questions Gate Life Science	The questions are designed to test the listed abilities Application Analysis Comprehension Recall Synthesis
Number of Questions	65 Questions (including 10 questions from General Aptitude)
Total Marks	100 Marks
Marking Scheme	All of the questions will be worth 1 or 2 marks
Negative Marking	Two types of MCQs: MCQs – 1 mark for each correct answer; 1/3 mark will be deducted for every wrong answer MCQs – 2 marks for each correct answer; 2/3 marks will be deducted for every incorrect response. There is no negative marking for Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions and NO negative marking for MSQ & NAT.
Terms of Gate Life Science Exam	Once a year
The subject of Gate Life Science	Biochemistry [XL-Q] Botany [XL-P] Microbiology [XL-S] Zoology [XL- T ] Food Technology [XL- U]

Table of Contents

Overview of Gate Life Science Paper [XL] Exam 2024-
Syllabus of Compulsory Subject GATE Chemistry XL-P Life Science –
Download All Subject Latest Syllabus Gate Life Science 2023 –
GATE Biochemistry [XL-Q] Latest Syllabus 2024-
GATE Botany [XL-P] Latest Syllabus 2024-
GATE Microbiology [XL-S] Latest Syllabus 2024-
GATE Zoology [XL-T] Latest Syllabus 2023-
GATE Food Technology [XL-U] Latest Syllabus 2024-
GATE Life Science [XL] Exam Pattern-

Total Number of Questions in GATE 2024
Marking Scheme for GATE Life Science All Subjects Exam 2024-

GATE Life Science Subject Wise Books Code [P to U] –
Advantages of Solving GATE Life Science Previous Year Question Papers
Additional Benefits Practice GATE Life Science Previous Year Question Papers

1. Helps understand the Exam Pattern –
2. Helps Prepare for the difficulty level of questions –
3. Develops an understanding of the Important topics –
4. Identify and balance Strong and Weak areas –
5. Increases Accuracy –

GATE Life Science XL Study Tips How to Crack in First Attempt –

Step 2: Solve Previous Year Paper
Step 3: Revision

GATE Life Science Four-Month Preparation Plan 2024
Career Scope & Job Opportunities for Gate Life Science Aspirants –

Some of the Public sector fields that offer a career in Life Science field are:
List of Top Companies Hiring Biochemistry Graduates & Postgraduates are:

Eligibility for Gate Life Science: Educational Qualification
GATE Life Science Exam Minimum / Maximum Age Limit Criteria 2023
GATE Life Science Exam Attempts Limit Criteria 2023
Who Can Apply for GATE Life Science Exam?
Frequently Asked Question GATE Life Science ?

Question -3: Are there any eligibility criteria regarding the nationality of a candidate?
Question -4: How is the GATE cutoff decided?

Syllabus of Compulsory Subject GATE Chemistry XL-P Life Science –

Here is Given Complete Syllabus for Chemistry Life Science

Section 1: Atomic Structure and Periodicity
Section 2: Structure and Bonding
Section 3: s, p and d Block Elements
Section 4: Chemical Equilibria
Section 5: Electrochemistry
Section 6: Reaction Kinetics
Section 7: Thermodynamics
Section 8: Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms
Section 9: Chemistry of Biomolecules

Unit Number & Name	Topics
Section 1: Atomic Structure and Periodicity	Planck’s quantum theory, wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, comparison between Bohr’s model and quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, and electronic configuration of atoms and ions. Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic size.
Section 2: Structure and Bonding	Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approach for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridization, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle, and bond energy, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice energy (Born‐Haber cycle). HSAB principle.
Section 3: s, p and d Block Elements	Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d elements. Coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism.
Section 4: Chemical Equilibria	Osmotic pressure, the elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer, and their applications. Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp, and Kx) for homogeneous reactions.
Section 5: Electrochemistry	Conductance, Kohlrausch law, cell potentials, EMF, Nernst equation, thermodynamic aspects and their applications.
Section 6: Reaction Kinetics	Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second-order kinetics, catalysis, and elementary enzyme reactions. Reversible and irreversible inhibition of enzymes.
Section 7: Thermodynamics	Qualitative treatment of state and path functions, First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff equation, heat of reaction, Hess’s law, heat of formation. Second law, entropy and free energy. Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation, free energy change and spontaneity, Free energy changes from equilibrium constant.
Section 8: Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms	Acids and bases, electronic and steric effects, Stereochemistry, optical and geometrical isomerism, tautomerism, conformers, and the concept of aromaticity. Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1, E2 and radical reactions, Hoffmann/Saytzeff rules, addition reactions, Markownikoff rule, and Kharasch effect. Elementary hydroboration reactions. Grignard’s reagents and their uses. Aromatic electrophilic substitutions, and orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups. Identification of common functional groups by chemical tests.
Section 9: Chemistry of Biomolecules	Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides. Peptide sequencing by chemical and enzymatic proteolytic methods. DNA sequencing by chemical and enzymatic methods. Carbohydrates (up to hexoses only). Lipids (triglycerides only). Principles of biomolecule purification exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Identification of these biomolecules and BeerLambert’s law.

Download All Subject Latest Syllabus Gate Life Science 2023 –

Get Best Study Notes for Life Science All Subjects to Check Sample – Click Here

GATE Biochemistry [XL-Q] Latest Syllabus 2024-

GATE Life Science Biochemistry Syllabus Subject Based on Topics Such as Organization of life; Importance of water, Biochemical separation techniques, Cell structure, and organelles & more This means that you’d have to cover a lot of ground to get a surface-level understanding of the fundamentals. While the syllabus is dense, it would help to break down each component that makes a lesson. This is why we’ve broken them down into the GATE Biochemistry syllabus according to the names of the units themselves. It would be easier to digest what topics under them are involved so that it would be easy for you to be prepared for the upcoming exams.

Unit Number & Name	Topics
Section 1:	Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding / misfolding and function; Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin.
Section 2:	Enzyme kinetics, regulation and inhibition; Vitamins and Coenzymes; Bioenergetics and metabolism; Generation and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle.
Section 3:	Biochemical separation techniques: ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, centrifugation; Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis; DNA- protein and protein – protein interactions; UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy; Mass spectrometry.
Section 4:	Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Action potential; Transport across membranes; Membrane assembly and Protein targeting; Signal transduction; Receptor-ligand interaction; Hormones and neurotransmitters.
Section 5:	DNA replication, transcription, and translation; DNA damage and repair; Biochemical regulation of gene expression; Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site-directed mutagenesis, DNA-microarray; Next-generation sequencing; Gene silencing and editing.
Section 6:	Immune system: Innate and adaptive; Cell of the immune system; Active and passive immunity; Complement system; Antibody structure, function, and diversity; B cell and T Cell receptors; B cell and T cell activation; Major histocompatibility complex; Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA, flow cytometry; monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

Get Best Study Notes for Life Science All Subjects to Check Sample – Click Here

GATE Botany [XL-P] Latest Syllabus 2024-

GATE Botany: Syllabus Subject Based on Topics Such as Plant Systematics, Plant Anatomy, Plant development; cell and tissue morphogenesis, Plant physiology and biochemistry, Genetics and genomics & more This means that you’d have to cover a lot of ground to get a surface-level understanding of the fundamentals. While the syllabus is dense, it would help to break down each component that makes a lesson. This is why we’ve broken them down into the GATE Botany syllabus according to the names of the units themselves. It would be easier to digest what topics under them are involved so that it would be easy for you to be prepared for the upcoming exams.

Section 1: Plant Systematics
Section 2: Plant Anatomy
Section 3: Plant development
Section 4: Plant physiology and biochemistry
Section 5: Genetics and genomics
Section 6: Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing
Section 7: Economic and Applied Botany
Section 8: Plant Pathology
Section 9: Ecology and Environment

Unit Number & Name	Topics
Section 1: Plant Systematics	Botanical nomenclature, history of plant taxonomy, diversity and classification of plants, APG system of plant classification; phylogenetics and cladistics, molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding; Centers for plant taxonomy and herbaria in India.
Section 2: Plant Anatomy	Anatomy of the root, stem and leaves, floral organs, embryo, and young seedlings, Primary and secondary meristems, stellar organization, vascular system, and their ontogeny, xylem, and phloem structure, secondary growth in plants and wood anatomy, plant cell structure, and differences from animal cells.
Section 3: Plant development;	cell and tissue morphogenesis Life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata. Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot and root apical meristems. Transition to flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of floral organ patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; Xylem and phloem cell differentiation, photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin. Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids on plant development.
Section 4: Plant physiology and biochemistry	Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic and symplastic transport mechanisms. Mechanism of stomatal movements, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis; C3, C4 and CAM cycles, photorespiration, respiration: glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain. Plant responses and mechanisms of abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, freezing and heat stress, metal toxicity; role of abscisic acid in abiotic stresses. Structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics. Structure and biosynthesis of major plant secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids). Biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acids, brassinosteroid, ethylene, strigolactone, abscisic acid, salicylic and jasmonic acid. Senescence and programmed cell death.
Section 5: Genetics and genomics	Cell cycle and cell division. Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extrachromosomal inheritance; Introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing- transgene silencing, post-transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA; evolution and organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression, gene mutation, and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: euploidy and aneuploidy and structural: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons. Model organisms for functional genetics and genomics; Introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.
Section 6: Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing	Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers, embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: micropropagation, embryo culture and in vitro regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of transgenic plants; Introduction to genome editing: CRISPR/Cas9, Cre-Lox system to generate chimeras; plastid transformation; chemical mutagenesis.
Section 7: Economic and Applied Botany	A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs, and narcotics. Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen, and bacteria. Major Indian cash crops. Effect of industrialization on agricultural botany such as plastic on fiber economy. Genetically modified crops and its regulation eg. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal golden rice, etc.
Section 8: Plant Pathology	Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism(s) of pathogenesis, resistance: basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, the gene for gene concept. Molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe interactions: symbionts and mycorrhiza, pathogens and pests. Signaling pathways in plant defense response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis; host-parasitic plant interaction (such as Cuscuta).
Section 9: Ecology and Environment	Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and energy flow through the ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical zones, climate and flora endemism; pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, afforestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other organisms; epiphytes, parasites and endophytes.

Get Best Study Notes for Life Science All Subjects to Check Sample – Click Here

GATE Microbiology [XL-S] Latest Syllabus 2024-

GATE Life Science Microbiology Syllabus Subject Based on Topics Such as Historical Perspective, Methods in Microbiology, Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity, Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function, Microbial Growth, Control of Micro-organisms & more This means that you’d have to cover a lot of ground to get a surface-level understanding of the fundamentals. While the syllabus is dense, it would help to break down each component that makes a lesson. This is why we’ve broken them down into the GATE Microbiology syllabus according to the names of the units themselves. It would be easier to digest what topics under them are involved so that it would be easy for you to be prepared for the upcoming exams.

Section 1: Historical Perspective
Section 2: Methods in Microbiology
Section 3: Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity
Section 4: Prokaryotic Cells
Section 5: Microbial Growth
Section 6: Control of Micro-organisms
Section 7: Microbial Metabolism
Section 8: Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction
Section 9: Chemotherapy/Antibiotics
Section 10: Microbial Genetics
Section 11: Microbial Ecology

Unit Number & Name	Topics
Section 1: Historical Perspective	Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology; Controversy over a spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in the transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.
Section 2: Methods in Microbiology	Pure culture techniques; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms; antigen and antibody detection methods for microbial diagnosis; Light-, phase contrast-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopy; PCR, real-time PCR for quantitation of microbes; Next generation sequencing technologies in microbiology.
Section 3: Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity	Bacteria, Archea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy and phylogeny.
Section 4: Prokaryotic Cells:	Structure and Function Prokaryotic Cells: cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, Flagella and Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Bacterial locomotion, including positive and negative chemotaxis.
Section 5: Microbial Growth	Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth; Bacterial biofilm and biofouling.
Section 6: Control of Micro-organisms	Disinfection and sterilization: principles, methods and assessment of efficacy
Section 7: Microbial Metabolism	Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation; An overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentose-phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Glyoxalate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways.
Section 8: Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction	Normal microbiota; Classification of infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection; Opportunistic infections; Emerging infectious diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspecific defense of host; Antigens and antibodies; Humoral and cell-mediated immunity; Vaccines; passive immunization; Immune deficiency; Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.
Section 9: Chemotherapy/Antibiotics	General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics: Classification molecular mechanism of mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.
Section 10: Microbial Genetics	Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special reference to E.coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA; mutation in the virus genomes, virus recombination, and reassortment; Basic concept of microbial genomics.
Section 11: Microbial Ecology	Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants; Bioremediation; Uncultivable microorganisms; the basic concept of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

Get Best Study Notes for Life Science All Subjects to Check Sample – Click Here

GATE Zoology [XL-T] Latest Syllabus 2023-

GATE Life Science Zoology Syllabus Subject Based on Topics Such as Historical Perspective, Methods in Animal Diversity, Evolution, Genetics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Cell Biology & more This means that you’d have to cover a lot of ground to get a surface-level understanding of the fundamentals. While the syllabus is dense, it would help to break down each component that makes a lesson. This is why we’ve broken them down into the GATE Zoology syllabus according to the names of the units themselves. It would be easier to digest what topics under them are involved so that it would be easy for you to be prepared for the upcoming exams.

Unit Number & Name	Topics
Section 1: Animal Diversity	Distribution, systematics and classification of animals, phylogenetic relationships (based on classical and molecular phylogenetic tools).
Section 2: Evolution	Origin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation
Section 3: Genetics	Basic Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, sex determination and sex-linked characteristics, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage, recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, population genetics, genetic disorders, roles of model organisms in understanding genetic principles.
Section 4: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription and translation, Krebs cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, roles of vitamins and minerals
Section 5: Cell Biology	Basic principles of cellular microscopy, the structure of the cell, cytoskeletal organization, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes and chromatin structure.
Section 6: Gene expression in Eukaryotes	Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression, transposable elements.
Section 7: Animal Anatomy and Physiology	Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, Muscular system, circulatory system, digestive the system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system.
Section 8: Parasitology and Immunology	Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response.
Section 9: Development Biology	Gametogenesis, Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, Model organisms used in developmental biology, genetic and molecular basis of development, stem cells
Section 10: Ecology	The ecosystem, Animal distribution, ecological niche and its contribution to ecological diversity, the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology, ecotoxicology.
Section 11: Animal Behaviour	Type of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of behavior in animals

GATE Food Technology [XL-U] Latest Syllabus 2024-

GATE Life Science Food technology Syllabus Subject Based on Topics Such as Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Characteristics of microorganisms,Processing principles, Food Engineering & more This means that you’d have to cover a lot of ground to get a surface-level understanding of the fundamentals. While the syllabus is dense, it would help to break down each component that makes a lesson. This is why we’ve broken them down into the GATE Food technology syllabus according to the names of the units themselves. It would be easier to digest what topics under them are involved so that it would be easy for you to be prepared for the upcoming exams.

Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition
Section 2: Food Microbiology
Section 3: Food Products Technology
Section 4: Food Engineering

Unit Number & Name	Topics
Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition	Carbohydrates: structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & poly- saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Proteins: classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post-mortem and tenderization of muscles. Lipids: Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism. Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins, and myoglobin. Food flavors: terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinines. Enzymes: specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning. Nutrition: balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases. Chemical and biochemical changes: changes occur in foods during different processing.
Section 2: Food Microbiology	Characteristics of microorganisms: morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining. Microbial growth: growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique. Food spoilage: spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and their products. Toxins from microbes: pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shebelle, Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillums genera. Fermented foods and beverages: curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idly, dose, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage.
Section 3: Food Products Technology	Processing principles: thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, the addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods. Food packaging and storage: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage. Cereal processing and products: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. Oil processing: expelling, solvent extraction, refining and hydrogenation. Fruits and vegetables processing: extraction, clarification, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles. Plantation crops processing and products: tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices. Milk and milk products processing: pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and milk powder. Processing of animal products: drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder. Waste utilization: pectin from fruit astes, uses of by-products from rice milling. Food standards and quality maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP).
Section 4: Food Engineering	Mass and energy balance: Momentum transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through a pipe, Reynolds number. Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, and heat exchangers. Mass transfer: molecular diffusion and Flick’s law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films. Mechanical operations: size reduction of solids, high-pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid. Thermal operations: thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing, and crystallization. Mass transfer operations: psychometric, humidification, and dehumidification operations..

GATE Life Science [XL] Exam Pattern-

Total Number of Questions in GATE 2024

GATE 2024 will have a total of 55 + 10 (General Aptitude) questions.
General Aptitude will have 10 questions + Chemistry 15 Questions and Optional 1 will have 20 questions & 20 Questions from Second Optional Paper
There is No Restriction to move to and from among the Papers.
All the questions are compulsory to attempt.
Different Negative marking for Each Subject

GATE Paper	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
General Aptitude [Same for All Subejcts]	10	15	Cumulative time duration of 3 hours.Shift 1: 9.30 AM – 12.30 PMShift 2: 2.30 PM – 5.30 PM
Chemistry [Compulsory]	15	25
GATE Life Science Optional 2	20	30
GATE Life Science Optional 2	20	30
Total	65 MCQs	100 Marks	180 minutes

Marking Scheme for GATE Life Science All Subjects Exam 2024-

Below, we are sharing the GATE Life Science marking scheme that will make you aware of the exam paper’s difficulty level.

Section A:

This section is divided into two parts. The first part will contain 05 Multiple Choice Questions of 1 mark. There is a negative marking for every wrong answer (1/3 will be deducted for the 1-mark question).

The remaining 05 Multiple Choice Questions are of 2 marks each, and 2/3 marks will be deducted for these types of questions in case of wrong attempts.

Section B: [Chemistry]

This section contains 15 Multiple. The first part will contain 05 Multiple Choice Questions of 1 mark. There is a negative marking for every wrong answer (1/3 will be deducted for the 1-mark question).

Remaining 10 Questions for 2 Marks & No Negative Marking [ Only 4 Questions Negative Marking of 2/3]

Section C: Biochemistry

This section is divided into two parts. The first part will contain 10 Multiple Choice Questions of 1 mark. There is a negative marking for every wrong answer (1/3 will be deducted for the 1-mark question).

The remaining 10 Multiple Choice Questions are of 2 marks each, and 2/3 marks will be deducted for these types of questions in case of wrong attempts

Section D – Botany

The remaining 10 Multiple Choice Questions are of 2 marks each, and 2/3 marks will be deducted for these types of questions in case of wrong attempts Question 8,9 & 10 No Negative Marking.

Section E – Microbiology

The remaining 10 Multiple Choice Questions are of 2 marks each, and 2/3 marks will be deducted for these types of questions in case of wrong attempts Question 6,78,9,10,17,18,19,20 No Negative Marking.

Section F – Zoology

The remaining 10 Multiple Choice Questions are of 2 marks each, and 2/3 marks will be deducted for these types of questions in case of wrong attempts Question 7,8,9,10,17,18,19,20 No Negative Marking.

Section G – Food Technology

The remaining 10 Multiple Choice Questions are of 2 marks each, and 2/3 marks will be deducted for these types of questions in case of wrong attempts Questions 14 to 20 No Negative Marking.

GATE Life Science Subject Wise Books Code [P to U] –

Subject	Book Name	Author	Price	Available On	Publication
Chemistry	GATE Life Science Chemistry [XL -P] [Compulsory] Books – 9 Books Sets With 2000 Question Answer	Diwakar education Hub	1500-/	Amazon	Diwakar education Hub
Biochemistry	GATE Life Science Biochemistry [XL -Q] Study Notes [Books] 6 Books with 2500 + Question Answer As Per Updated Syllabus	Diwakar education Hub	1500-/	Diwakar Education Hub	Diwakar education Hub
Botany	GATE Life Science – Botany [XL-R] Books 9 Book Unit Wise with 3200 Question Answer as per updated Syllabus	Diwakar education Hub	2000-/	Amazon	Diwakar education Hub
Microbiology	Elements of GATE Microbiology	Notion Press	950-/	Amazon
Zoology	GATE Life Science – Zoology [XL-R] Books 9 Book Unit Wise with 3200 Question Answer as per updated Syllabus	Diwakar Education Hub	2000-/	Amazon	Diwakar Education Hub
Food Technology	Food Science And Technology: Conventional Objective	Brillion Publishing	400/	Amazon	Brillion Publishing

Advantages of Solving GATE Life Science Previous Year Question Papers

To Analysis the Previous year’s Question Paper it’s the best move to crack GATE Exam because the previous year’s question paper is like a Mirror which tells you all details about the Paper. These papers are available in the form of a PDF file. Solving the GATE Life Science previous year question papers has several benefits mentioned below.

Candidates will get knowledge about the exam pattern of the entrance exam.
Aspirants must practice question papers to know about the question type and difficulty level of the exam.
In this way, candidates can decide which section they need to focus on more and need improvement to enhance their ability to solve questions.
By referring to the question papers, candidates will get an idea of how much time they will require for solving those questions.
Candidates can focus more on the questions asked repeatedly in the previous years.
Candidate confidence will get increased while solving the various question papers of GATE.
Aspirants can refer to the previous year’s question papers to get an idea about the GATE marking scheme.

Additional Benefits Practice GATE Life Science Previous Year Question Papers

1. Helps understand the Exam Pattern –

Previous Year Papers will assist you with understanding the test design followed by NTA NET. This not only increases your speed at attempting the exam but also ensures time Efficiency.

2. Helps Prepare for the difficulty level of questions –

This examination isn’t going to be a joyride for you. having depth Knowledge about the Syllabus & Difficulty level of the Exam will help you a lot to crack UGC NET Exam

When you will go through the UGC NET Previous Year Question Papers, you will get acquainted with the difficulty level of the questions asked from the topics and sub-topics of both the Papers, i.e., Paper-I and Paper-II.

3. Develops an understanding of the Important topics –

UGC NET Previous Year Question Papers will help you in recognising significant topics that are regularly asked in the exams. In any case, to speed up your exam preparation for 2021 you should concentrate on rehearsing the significant subjects first. This can effectively be done by recognizing them through the Previous Year Question Papers.

4. Identify and balance Strong and Weak areas –

It’s no rocket science to know that we all have our strengths and weaknesses, rather than being ignorant about the weaknesses and overconfident about the strengths, why not focus on finding a balance between the two?

While I recommend focusing on both of them, always work a little harder on topics you’re a little weak in.

Not just from the point of view of the exam but also in general, so that you don’t lack any skill.

As the exam has no negative marking, try to make your strengths a solid case so that you can absolutely nail the exam.

5. Increases Accuracy –

It’s a known fact, that the more you practice your speech before going on stage, the lesser you’re bound to fumble or make a mistake.

Similarly, the more you Practice on the GATE Previous Year Papers, the more accurate you will be, which in the long run will lead you to secure a high score on the test.

GATE LIFE SCIENCE Cut-Off 2020 & 2021

GATE Cutoff 2021 – IIT Delhi has been declared the GATE 2021 cutoff online. Check the GATE Life Science 2021 cutoff here along with the previous year’s cutoffs

LIFE SCIENCE(XL) Cut-Off: 2021

CATEGORY	RANGE OF MARKS
Unreserved	36
OBC	32.4
SC / ST / PwD	24

LIFE SCIENCE(XL) Cut-Off: 2020

CATEGORY	RANGE OF MARKS
Unreserved	31.7
OBC	28.5
SC / ST / PwD	21.01

GATE Life Science XL Study Tips How to Crack in First Attempt –

You Just Have to Fellow These Simple Steps to Crack GATE Biochemsitry Exam –
Given Below

Allow 120 days for preparation of Biochemistry Subjects.
According to this timetable, divide each topic week-wise.
Look at the syllabus for GATE Life Science
Check out the Best Study Notes available at Diwakar Education Hub
During the preparation time, make summary notes for each and every topic
don՚t waste time deciding which topic is most important and which is not, give equal attention to each topic
If possible Make a List of weeks with the topic you allotted and one extra column is about whether you successfully completed this topic or not, Because it will help you later when you revise the syllabus (it is silly but try it)
Do not depends on just one material try to get more and more information from different books, Wikipedia, various blogs and websites, and video tutorials.

Step 2: Solve Previous Year Paper

After completion of preparation, it is not over here, it is just the first step. The next step is evaluation of your preparation which is done by solving the previous year’s papers.
Spend at least one week time for this paper-solving section, because you will get a better idea about your preparation week area and paper pattern.

Step 3: Revision

After gathering your weakness next step is revision.
Same as above allot at list 1 to 2 weeks for revision and in this days go through all the notes which you prepare and week topics gathered in paper solving.
Also, check reviews for each topic you have made and study according to that.

Get Best Study Notes for Life Science All Subjects to Check Sample – Click Here

GATE Life Science Four-Month Preparation Plan 2024

GATE 2024 will be conducted in February. This gives you 4 months to prepare for the examination. Now we are fully aware of the fact that a single timetable cannot suit everyone’s preference. So, being mindful of that, we have prepared you a standard plan which you can modify as per your Schedule and daily schedule.

Preparation Time	4 Months (16 Weeks)
Total Chapters/ Topics to Prepare	7
Total Sub-Topics	Over 60
Studying Hours Per Day	4 – 5 Hours
Number of Days Required to Prepare Each Chapter	12 Days
Number of Chapters Completed in a Month	2 Chapters
Break Days or Extra Days Each Month	2 – 3 Days*
Time Taken to Complete Entire Syllabus	3 Months
Remaining Time	One Month
Days to Solve Sample Papers/ Model Papers/ Mock Tests	20 Days
Days Left for Final Revision	10 Days

Career Scope & Job Opportunities for Gate Life Science Aspirants –

After achieving a Good Rank in GATE life Science Great Opportunities will welcome you in Many Field Biochemistry is a valuable degree commercially and that will come in useful for a range of well-paid jobs in an array of important industries. If one is looking for a career at the juncture of biology and medicine, then biochemistry could be interesting for him. The work field within Biochemistry is vast.

Jobs directly related to a Life Science degree include:

Research Fellow
Analytical chemist
Biomedical scientist
Pharma Associate
QA / AC Associate
Healthcare scientist
Clinical biochemistry
Food Safety Analyst
Clinical research associate
Forensic scientist
Research scientist (Life Science)
Scientific laboratory technician
Toxicologist
Lecturer / Professor

Some of the Public sector fields that offer a career in Life Science field are:

Public Health Entities
Drug Manufacturing Companies
Blood Bank & Services
Cancer research institutes
Educational Institutes
Industrial Laboratories
Research Departments
Agriculture and fisheries
Environmental Pollution Control
Forensic Science
Hospitals
Public Health Laboratories
Cosmetic Industries etc.

The largest employers of biochemists in terms of the field are as follows:

Research and development in life sciences: 49%
Universities, colleges, and professional schools; state, local, and private: 15%
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing: 28%
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services: 5%
Wholesale trade : 3%

List of Top Companies Hiring Biochemistry Graduates & Postgraduates are:

Novozymes
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Merck KGaA
Sun Pharma
Paraxel
Siemens
Syngene
Sanofi
Dr. Reddy’s
Lambda Therapeutic
Panacea Biotech
Sami Labs
Anthem Biosciences
PI Industries

GATE Life Science Qualified – Salary Details

For Biochemistry Freshers the average entry-level salary figures are mentioned below:

Average Freshers – Entry Level Salary at Research Institutes (Without NET / GATE)	Rs 15,000 – 20,000/- pm
Average Freshers – Entry Level Salary at Research Institutes (With NET / GATE)	Rs 20,000 – 30,000/- pm
Average Freshers – Entry Level Salary at Biopharma Companies	Rs 18,000/- to Rs 25,000/- pm

For Life Science Candidates With Experience (1-3 years), Average Salary can vary widely based on the organization & the position one is working at.

For Experienced Average Salary at Research Institutes (Without NET / GATE)	Rs 25,000/- to Rs 40,000/- pm
For Experienced Average Salary at Research Institutes (With NET / GATE)	Rs 30,000/- to Rs 60,000/- pm
For Experienced Average Salary at Biopharma companies	RS 30,000/- to Rs 80,000/- pm

Get Best Study Notes for Life Science All Subjects to Check Sample – Click Here

Eligibility for Gate Life Science: Educational Qualification

A candidate who is currently studying in the 3rd or higher years of Life Science undergraduate degree program OR has already completed any government-approved degree program in Life Science or Relevant Stream is eligible for appearing in the GATE 2023 exam.

Qualifying Degree	Qualifying Degree/Examination	Description of eligible candidates
BSc Life Science BA Life Science	Bachelor’s degree holders in Life Science Stream (3 years after 10+2 or 3 years after B.Sc./Diploma in Life Science or Related Stream )	Currently in the 3^rdyear or higher or already completed

GATE Life Science Exam Minimum / Maximum Age Limit Criteria 2023

Candidates have to meet the GATE eligibility 2023 in order to appear for the GATE exam. There is No Age Limit to applying for the GATE exam 2023.

GATE Life Science Exam Attempts Limit Criteria 2023

There is No Restriction on the number of GATE attempts. One can enroll and appear for the exam as many times as they want.

Who Can Apply for GATE Life Science Exam?

There is no specified minimum pass percentage in the qualifying exam to apply for the GATE exam 2023. . For Life Science You Must Have Under Graduation in a Related Subject of Economics. Following Degree Example Given Below

BSc in Life Science
BSc in Biochemistry
BSc in Zoology
BA in Life Science
BSc Genetics
BSc Advanced Plant Biology
BSc Bioinformatics
BSc Biochemistry and Immunology
BTech Marine science
BSc Cell Biology and Biostatistics

Frequently Asked Question GATE Life Science ?

Q1. What is the GATE Cut Off for Life Science 2021?

Ans – Here are Cut -off Marks & Highest Marks out of 100 GATE Exam 2021

GATE Cutoff 2021 – IIT Delhi has been declared the GATE 2021 cutoff online. Check the GATE Life Science 2021 cutoff here along with the previous year’s cutoffs

LIFE SCIENCE(XL) Cut-Off: 2021

CATEGORY	RANGE OF MARKS
Unreserved	36
OBC	32.4
SC / ST / PwD	24

Question -2 Are candidates allowed to use a physical calculator to solve long and complex calculations asked in GATE Question Paper?

Ans. All the candidates are provided with an online virtual scientific calculator to be used to answer the questions. However, it is important to understand that this virtual calculator would be available to use only in the selected questions and not in all the questions. This virtual calculator has the same capability as a scientific calculator

Question -3: Are there any eligibility criteria regarding the nationality of a candidate?

Ans: No, candidates from India as well as other countries can apply for GATE 2022.

Question -4: How is the GATE cutoff decided?

Ans- GATE cutoff is decided by considering various factors like the number of applicants, availability of seats, the difficulty level of the exam, and the performance of candidates. The conducting institute decides the cutoff in consultation with other responsible authorities.

Question -5 How easy to crack GATE Life Science Exam?
Ans: Cracking any exam needs a lot of hard work, time management, dedication, and proper use of resources. If you are dedicated to cracking GATE, you can clear it easily.